Shift work and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‑analyses
Summary
This umbrella review assessed systematic reviews and meta-analyses covering a wide range of health outcomes linked to shift work. The clearest evidence pointed to disrupted sleep, shorter sleep duration, and higher risk of metabolic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Moderate evidence supported links with cardiovascular disease, particularly hypertension and coronary heart disease. Associations with cancer—most notably breast cancer—were identified but varied in strength across studies. Evidence for mental health, reproductive outcomes, and gastrointestinal disorders was more limited and inconsistent.
Why It Matters For Night Shift Workers and Night Owls
By mapping where the evidence is strongest, this review underscores that sleep and metabolic health are the most directly and consistently affected by shift work. Cardiovascular outcomes also show concerning trends, while other areas remain under investigation. For night workers and organizations, this means prevention strategies that focus on protecting sleep and supporting metabolic health should be the top priority.
Notes
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.